Information Use Essay Example for Free

Information Use Essay Information can be used in an assortment of ways in today’s business world. Companies can use it to track profits and losses while others use it to forecast future industry trends so they can make informed decisions about what markets they should focus on. According to Opara (2003) â€Å"Information is the life blood of modern organizations. † Without this information, organizations would be making uninformed decisions. Information flows in a circular motion in today’s organizations. An example would be how a car dealership uses the information it gathers. A customer that is in the market for a new vehicle enters a car dealership unsure of what kind of vehicle he or she is interested in. An associate greets the potential customer and asks a few questions to ascertain what the customer is looking for. This information would be what the associate would enter into an information system (IS). From this system the associate can give the customer a listing of vehicles to choose from. The selection of vehicles is presented to the customer and after looking at all the information the customer chooses the vehicle he or she potentially wants to purchase. The associate inputs the customer’s personal information into an IS to qualify them for financing for the vehicle. The personal information is then used by the finance department to set up the financial terms that the customer will have to abide by. Once the financial terms are determined, the information is cycled back to the customer for his or her input. After the sale of the vehicle, the customer information is stored into a database so that the customer can be contacted their experience and also used for future sales. When the vehicle is sold it will need to be removed from the dealerships inventory using another IS program. This program will generate a report for inventory control and future ordering. The data that was collected through the sales process is extremely important to the sale of new vehicles. Not having this data would make it impossible to forecast future sales and inventory requirements. Larger businesses need to keep this type of information on hand for future data mining where â€Å"customer databases are unnecessary for small business. Most small businesses keep track on order-by-order basis† (Types of Information Systems in a Business Organization, 2012). An IS that enables the dealership to maintain correct inventory counts for its customers is a vital part in a profitable business. Maintaining an unobstructed flow of information is crucial to the life of a company. Without this flow of information companies could not maintain profits, and without profits there would be no business. If this data is not controlled a business could find itself in a crisis. If the IS fails in the finance department, the business would not be able to complete a transaction. The same holds true for the inventory control systems. If any of the systems in the cycle were to fail it would put every other system in the cycle in danger. Decision making processes are dependent on the systems working and communicating properly and the information flowing correctly throughout the system. With the collecting of information, organizations have to be aware of the sensitive nature of certain customer information that is inputted. Personal information (PII) has to be protected and stored in a manner that it cannot be accessed by individuals who do not have the authority to view it. Keeping this information secure can be a huge undertaking for any IT department when establishments are faced with situations like car dealerships. There are many individuals who need access to the information in the system at different times. Some information need only be viewable by one department while other departments will need full access to the entire file. This makes creating a secure environment challenging. Securing PII is probably one of the most vital tasks when dealing with data storage. If data is corrupted it is useless to the establishment, and if it is ever misused or stolen it then becomes a potential legal hazard. I am self employed and don’t see the correlation to my work, but I am familiar with Bi-Lo. Customers who sign up for the Bi-Lo Bonus Card fill out the application with their personal information. This includes their name, address, email, and phone numbers. This information is stored in Bi-Lo’s database system. Bi-Lo uses this data to track customer purchases. The store’s system also uses the card data to issue discounts on sale items and email coupons to customer emails. Bi-Lo keeps track of customer orders, types of items ordered, customer spending, and use this information to issue coupons after transactions. Observing the different ways information flows through an enterprise will give incite to how to control and protect it. Every organization has a unique circumstance nd with those circumstances come different ways of controlling the flow of information and its security. No matter which method is chosen, there are a few things that do not change and those things are system reliability and security. If companies do not have a reliable IS, their data becomes useless and if those ISs are not secured from unauthorized access or use, organizations are opening the door to potential lawsuits and stiff fines. Either situations could be costly and end their businesses.

Pollution and Environment Essay - Man Must Dominate Nature and the Envi

Man Must Dominate Nature and the Environment      Ã‚   How shall we deal with the environment? is an ethical question much discussed, but rarely answered with any well-thought-out justifications. Rather, individuals attempting to answer it have often made claims stating that certain things are "obvious." In this paper, I intend to analyze one of these ethical principles which is considered to be inherently obvious. For every culture has regarded certain things as "obvious" and needing no further explanation -- and every culture differs vastly on what it considers to be an "obvious truth." Thus, it seems that these "truths" are not, in themselves, "obvious." Rather, they require further scrutiny to determine their validity. Hence, in this paper I analyze a common environmental claim: "Everything natural has inherent value, and we should respect its right to exist." This paper is not meant to be a complete examination of environmental ethics; that would be beyond its scope. This question, however, lies at the heart of environmenta l ethics, and is certainly worth exploring.    Must we go through life refusing to do harm to any other natural entity, "living in harmony" with it, or "respecting its rights?" Or, if it is not true that we must, is it true that we should? In "Environmental Ethics," Barbara MacKinnon explains that ecocentrists believe "that we ought ... to regard nature with admiration and respect, because of their view that nature and natural beings have intrinsic value." (MacKinnon 327) MacKinnon also states that "ethical questions ... become matters of determining what is in the best interests of these life forms or what furthers or contributes to, or is a satisfactory fit with, some ecosystem." (MacKinnon 326)... ...n as the dominant species on the planet; moreover, it provides another explanation of why the proper concern of humankind is humankind, rather than an ecosystem or "life as a whole." If we are to remain a strong, healthy species, capable of employing the power of becoming everything that we can become, we must continue to see humanity as our own proper study.    Works Cited: MacKinnon, Barbara. "Environmental Ethics" in Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues, Second Edition. Ed Barbara MacKinnon. Albany: Belmont, 1998. Morris, Desmond. The Naked Ape. New York: Dell, 1967. Nietzsche, Friederich. Beyond Good and Evil. Trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage, 1966. Nietzsche, Friederich. Thus Spoke Zarathustra in The Portable Nietzsche. Ed. and Trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Viking, 1954. Voltaire. Candide. New York: Dover, 1991.   

Economy figures of Australia Essay

The background is about the Electric Bicycles that we take from China, import them, and sell the products in Perth (Australia). We also have our own website that we can sell online to people and ship our bicycles to any where in Australia. In CIA Factbook, Australia is regarded as an example of a prosperous Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP at the level of the four dominant West European economies. Since Australia has many natural resources, the country becomes a major exporter of agricultural products, minerals, metals, and fossil fuels. Commodities account for 57% of the value of total exports, so that a downturn in world commodity prices can have a big impact on the country’s economy. In addition, the report from CIA also notes that Australian government is pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods, but competition in international markets continues to be severe. While Australia has suffered from the low growth and high unemployment characterizing the OECD countries in the early 1990s and during the recent financial problems in East Asia, the economy has expanded at a solid 4% annual growth pace in the last five years. Below is economy figure of Australia. Table 1 Economy Figures of Australia Population: 21,007,310 (July 2008 est. ) Age Structure: 0-14 years: 18. 8% 15-64 years: 67. 9% 65 years and over: 13. 3% (2008 est. ) Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% Female: 99% (2003 est. ) GDP: Purchasing power parity – $773 billion (2007 est. ) GDP – real growth rate: 4. 3% (2007 est. ) GDP – per capita: $37,300 (2007 est. ) GDP – composition by sector: agriculture: 3% industry: 26. 4% Services: 70. 6% (2007 est. ) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2. 3% (2007 est. ) Industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel Industrial production growth rate: 4. 1% (2007 est. ) Exports: coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment Exports – commodities: coal, gold, meat, wool, alumina, iron ore, wheat, machinery and transport equipment Exports – partners: Japan 18. 1%, US 8. 7%, China 8. 4%, South Korea 7. 4%, New Zealand 7. 4%, UK 6. 7% (2003 est. ) Imports: $160 billion (2007 est. ) Imports – commodities: machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products Imports – partners: China 14. 3%, US 12. 9%, Japan 9. 6%, Singapore 6. 1%, Germany 5. 2%, UK 4. 4%, Thailand 4% (2007) Source: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 2008 The above statistics show that selling bicycle in Australia is attractive since Australia rate China as main import partners. In addition, the market for electric bicycle is quite enormous considering that the number of people at age 15-64 year accounts 67. 9% of total Australian population. 1. Technology The development of technology in Australia is extensive as Australian university encourages the innovation and invention in all aspects. In addition, the country also consider the intellectual property, which help Australian business to establish and maintain international markets for new technology (IDC, 2008). 2. Legal and Political The International trade laws and regulations assembled by a country emerged from various national backgrounds. Countries possessing different geographical structure for example, would produce different export commodities, thus results a different ‘tone’ of trade laws. Other factors such as the culture of citizens and national politic tendencies have also significant contributions in making a country’s international trade laws. The trade between Australia and China is also based on the free trade agreement commencing in 2005 in which a study conclude that there would be significant economic benefits for both Australia and China through the negotiation of an FTA. Australia’s export and quarantine laws are design to meet certain standard of quality exports goods. It emphasizes on protection towards Australia’s animals, plants, human health and the overall environment. It also emphasizes strict standard regarding certain quality requirements to meet foreign countries’ satisfaction. They believe that export trade is vital to Australia’s prosperity and high standard of living. The commitment to ensure export goods and services quality goes all the way, as Australia implement their steps of ensuring quality, which are: a. In cooperation with the industry involved AQIS makes standard requirements on export goods and services and state them in the legislation. b. Industry are guided to implement management systems to achieve compliance with the stated laws c. AQIS systems are obligated to verify the compliance between the goods/service and the laws by investigations. d. AQIS takes a final action of allowing exports activities or not allowing, in case of non compliance. 3. Culture The Australian culture is considered as the most diverse culture in the world due to the people of Australian historically comes from English People; thus the main culture in Australia is â€Å"Anglo Celtic†. However, as the globalization occurs in Australia, the country’s culture tends to be more Americanized. It suggests that product offering in Australia would in some level follow the trends in the U. S. (Mapsofworld. com, 2008). 4. Ethical Considerations and their management The last mentioned issue in international trade that will be mentioned in this paper is ethics. Business ethics refers various moral and ethical problems that can arise in business activities. The study focuses on how each individual involved within trade activities are burdened with special duties and obligations that must be performed. It emphasizes the importance of ethical guidelines in making business decisions. Some might even say that ethics form the very foundation of international economic activities. What we have been surely witness is the increasing attention on business ethics and its applications in line with the more complicated nature of business and business activities. The importance of ethical guidelines has been increasingly popular lately because of several reasons. First, there is s growing public awareness that societies have the right to expect business to function within ethical boundaries. A company is a part of its community that must live in harmony with the surrounding environment like all individuals and organizations. Furthermore, companies take their resources from their environment, which implies that these companies give something back to their community. For the least, there is an invisible social contract between business and its societies that all business activities will honor and accord with the limitations of justice (England, 2008). In the light of this growing awareness of corporate positions in the community, most companies generate and implement a code of conduct that guides their behavior to internal as well as external parties. The code of conduct represents corporate assessment of what behavior is expected out of employees and managers. Furthermore, the latest development in international business revealed the consensus upon the necessity of an international code of ethical practice to survive the global economy. These global ethical guidelines consist of the following principles: a. Integration, which means all business activities must never be out of the ethical context b. Implementation, which means changing all existing activities to match the ethical standards c. Internationalization, which demands integrity throughout the entire chain of global partnership, frees from cultural sentiments and directed toward the global context (England, 2008). Reference A Successfull Global Trader. Retrieved October 29, 2008 from http://www. dfat. gov. au/facts/search Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).(2008). World Fact book 2004: Australia. Retrieved October 29, 2008 from http://www. cia. gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/as. html England, Lizabeth. Principles of Business Ethics. Retrieved October 29, 2008 from http://exchanges. state. gov/forum/journal/bus1background. htm IDC. (2008). Innovation & Technology Australia. Retrieved October 29, 2008 from http://www. innovation. org. au/ Mapsofworld. com. (2008). Australia Culture. Retrieved October 29, 2008 from http://www. mapsofworld. com/australia/australia-culture/.

Molecular Formula Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Molecular Formula  Definition: An expression which states the number and type of atoms present in a molecule of a substance. Examples: There are 6 C atoms and 14 H atoms in a hexane molecule, which has a molecular formula of C6H14.

Theodore Roosevelt A Leader Of This Great Nation

Forty-three men have served the United States as the leader of this great nation. This responsibility is not an easy one. In the late 1920s, Mount Rushmore was being planned and the architect decided to include four of the forty-three presidents, then 30 to select from, that have served the United States: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. It is clear why George Washington, as the first president, Thomas Jefferson, as third president and author of the Declaration of Independence, and Abraham Lincoln, as the sixteenth president and the president during the Civil War, are forever sculpted into the side of the mountain, but why include Theodore Roosevelt? He only served for eight years, just like most presidents; there weren’t any major wars that occurred during his presidency. Theodore Roosevelt became president when President McKinley was assassinated in 1901 at the youthful age of 43. Currently, Theodore Roosevelt is the youngest man to ever call the White House his home. Most people recognize Theodore Roosevelt as a movie president. Theodore Roosevelt is constantly used as a voice of wisdom or advice in various films and television shows such as The Night at the Museum Series, Citizen Kane, and Newsies. None of these films are violent and all of them are family or child focused. Recently, President Barack Obama as the first black president has inspired filmmakers to surround black presidents with chaos. That, however, is forShow MoreRelated Theodore Roosevelt Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesTheodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was a strong leader and ruled with an iron fist as a president. He conquered the frontier and went on to conquer other countries as well. Roosevelt was a born leader. During his childhood he overcame his sickness by exercising and participating in outdoor activities. After Theodore graduated from Harvard he went straight into politics. 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Before Theodore came to be president, the position of presidency was slow and wasn’t very interesting so he made the executive branch more powerful by starting new reforms and a strong foreign policy. The life of a president is hard. It is full of stress, responsibilities, and a strong dedication the welfare of your country. Theodore had to deal with all of these presidentialRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt And The Progressive Era1392 Words   |  6 PagesBefore 1967, the Twenty-Fifth Amendment was not enacted, so when the Vice President of William McKinley died in November 1899 Theodore Roosevelt won the nomination unanimously. Little did Theodore know that this was the beginning of his rise to the presidency. He campaigned vigorously for McKinley which eventually lead to their landslide victory in 1900. Roosevelt spent six uneventful months as Vice President, as his most notable action was thrilling his supporters with words â€Å"Speak softly and carry

The Navajo People Are The Largest Native American Tribe

The Navajo people are the largest Native American tribe in the United States, now with over 300,000 members. They are native to a large chunk of Southwestern United States, mostly in New Mexico and Arizona, but also partially in Utah and Colorado. It was sometime between 1100 - 1500 A.D. when a distinguishable Navajo culture began to appear. The first Western contact that is known with the Navajo occurred near 1581 - 1583 A.D. Historians believe that the Navajo were relatively peaceful with their new Spanish neighbors. However there were some times over the centuries after the Spanish settlement in which the Navajo fought Spanish settlers to retain their land. The Navajo’s first contact with the United States came during the Mexican American War. The area where the Navajo lived was seen as a strategic area for the United States military. Troops were therefore brought to Navajo land to form treaties with them. Both sides more or less ignored these treaties. Navajo groups and New Mexican settlers would often clash. The United States government began mobilizing troops to New Mexico, and proceeded to establish military bases there. This initially established a precedence that the government could take advantage of the Navajo people. For the most part, the Navajo wanted to avoid any conflict, and the United States government chose to exploit this. Uranium is a naturally occuring chemical element that can be mined from ore in many parts of the Southwestern United States whereShow MoreRelatedNavajo Traditions1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Navajo Indian Cultural Anthropology The Navajo Indians of the Southwestern United states have a distinct social organization, kinship, and a both traditional and biomedical way that they approach sickness and healing. Their social organization revolves around their community and the Earth. Kinship for the Navajo is matriarchal and they are a pastoral society. 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Pastoralists have an impact on different aspects with in the culture. The aspects that I will be discussing will be the Navajo’s beliefs and values, sickness and healing, kinship, and their social organization. â€Å"Pastoralists are those who regularly move in search

Discuss the Impact of Information and Communication free essay sample

Therefore one needs to read intensively and extensively in order to address a specific topic or assignment. In this regard, we now look at how far rather to what extent has the emergence and use of Information and Communication Technology affected academic writing among the academia. The rapid increased in the use of computers, the Internet, electronic resources, databases and the World Wide Web in all aspects of human activities including the most important education and information processing and retrieval has become a very promising and vital component of the enabling structure for libraries and users at large.Information Communication Technology is basically an electronic based system of information transmission, reception, processing and retrieval, which has drastically changed the way we think, the way we live and the environment in which we live. Sits are increasingly playing an important role in organizations and in societys ability to produce, access, adapt and apply informa tion. They are being heralded as the tools for the post-industrial age, and the foundations for a knowledge economy, due to their ability to facilitate the transfer and acquisition of knowledge (L. A. Gondola 2005).It must be pointed out however that Education is a very socially oriented activity and quality education has traditionally been associated with strong teachers having high degrees of personal contact with learners. The use of CIT in education lends itself to more student-centered learning settings and often this creates some tensions for some teachers and students. But with the world moving rapidly into digital media and information, the role of CIT in education is becoming more and more important and this importance will continue to grow and develop in the 21 SST century.In many respects the work of academics has been facilitated by Information and Communication Technology (CIT). First, not only is the information available increasing, it is also much easier to access it (literally from the researchers desk). Michael Ninetieth 2001 ) He further wrote that the COED report comes to the conclusion that CIT has increased researchers ability to access information by supplying them with increasingly powerful tools at decreasing cost, thus enabling new ways of working and has, (o)n the whole, significantly improved the efficiency of information-based work. (COED 1998, 1999) With regard to the way the new information space is structured, Hitchcock et al. (1997, 2) point at the convenience of electronic links which can be followed in an instant and will prove to be orders of magnitude more productive for the seer than hyperlinks in print. In particular in the text-oriented disciplines, the availability of full-text resources is highly appreciated. Second, E-mail and other CIT tools certainly enhanced the efficiency in contacting people, in particular among groups of researchers, but also in establishing first-time contacts or in renewing relationships.In particular, the asynchrony of E-mail has p roven to be very advantageous if compared to the telephone. At this point, there are certainly a number of problems, e. G. Network reliability, stability of the computer hard- and software, incompatibilities between efferent file formats, all of which lead to frustrating additional work, etc. In an optimistic view, however, these problems should soon vanish. Emitter predicts that as soon as media discontinuities are eliminated, academic work will be more efficient and lead to important competitive advantages (1 996, 76, translation MN; skeptical Leslies 1996).There is, however, not only a pessimistic view with regard to the prospect of compatible and stable soft- and hardware, but also principled opposition to the view that CIT use leads to more efficiency. First, Hutchins argues that the use of the physical setting in which work occurs is a key to successful co-ordination of joint intellectual activity (1 995, quoted by Pinhole et al. 1997, 33). Hence (c)hanging the circumstances may undermine the effectiveness of the collaborative process by introducing new demands that result from loss of physical setting. (ibid. ) While under normal conditions, tacitly shared information would be taken for granted, the need to communicate this in a cyber- environment respectively the loss of these tacit cues may mean that collaborators users are at greater risk of losing common ground (ibid. ) and once be less efficient due to misunderstandings and the need for extra time of communication. Second, the considerable increase in information available at each scientists desk may also be overwhelming. While it seems reasonable to argue, as we will do below (2. ), that more comprehensive input might lead to at least different, perhaps even better results, there is also the filtering or selection problem. FRRÂ ¶Welch (1996, 10) argues that the effects of data banks and computer networks will entail not an unburdening but rather a further intensification of the flood of (redundant) information (and thereby an increase in information frustration), not least of all due to the greater visibility of the information flood. For sure, there will be technological fixes to the problem in the future, e. G. Newborns or intelligent databases, but even the configuring and managing of these tools will cost time. Furthermore, too much inter-linked information may also lead to distraction (surfing around). This is not to say that distraction and browsing may not lead to new and surprising insights, but it seems fair to say that there is a certain tendency of the new medium to seduce to inefficient time management. Rosenthal (1998) writes that we are already running in too much duplication: hyperlinks now take one in circle; hours spent in front of screens; . I would be first to admit that my research, teaching and professional (not to mention personal) communication has been revolutionized in the past two-three years, but I would suggest that there is a danger of it taking over completely The danger is that we may soon reach saturation point. Third, we have to acknowledge technology-related costs, e. G. The time spend on learning how to master the technology. Unfortunately, it seems, that this is not at all a one- mime-investment, but a continuous process with no ending as soft- and hardware keeps changing at short intervals.Fourth, much of the work that was outsourced in the days of the old typewriter, in particular the formatting of articles, is now increasingly done by the scientists themselves and not by the publishing houses any more. There may be a number of academics who do this quickly and easily in their intellectual wait loops, but others seem to spend quite considerable time on this new and demanding task, thus having less res ources for the genuine intellectual work. In general economic theory, t is all but clear whether information technology enhances productivity (Service et al. 999, 127 Of online manuscript). The empirical study carried out by Rimier (1996) seems to confirm this conclusion for academic work, too: The electronic version was used for a significantly longer period of time than the printed version, but also that utilization was less systematic. The choice of medium had little influence on the ability to reproduce the contents correctly. Thus, the popular belief that electronic information systems, in particular hypertext, are generally more efficient was not confirmed.In a study on the impact of automated library services and usage on students academic performance in Nigerian universities conducted by Ongoing Blessing Assai -? jubbah, where students academic performance were examined with regard to use of automated electronic information services, the following were some the outcomes of the research: * Having pre university compu ter literacy did not account for better academic performance * Students who made use Of automated library serves were better exposed to academic materials and performed academically better than those who did not make use of the services of tan automated library.The same research revealed that the majority of the users agreed that there is a significant relationship between educational academic exposures with the use of the automated library services, and they were satisfied with these automated electronic library services. However, the major constraints identified by the respondents were slow internet speed, access and automated library facilities are not up and running at all times to meet the varied time students prefer to browse the internet.The research recommended institutions to enlarge their internet bandwidth and make it available anytime of the day or night when the students are free to make use of it. According Margaret Honey et al each technology is likely to play a different role in students learning. Rather than trying to describe the impact of all technologies as if they were the same, researchers need to think about what kind of technologies are being used in the classroom and for what purposes.Two general distinctions can be made. Students can learn from computers-?where technology used essentially as tutors and serves to increase students basic skills and knowledge; and can learn with amputees-?where technology is used a tool that can be applied to a variety of goals in the learning p rocess and can serve as a resource to help develop higher order thinking, creativity and research skills.Information and Communications Technology has thus influenced significantly the quality and accessibility of academic materials for virtually any discipline due to the existence of electronic libraries on the internet. Scholars are therefore able to interact, research and communicate with minimal or no cost at all on various subjects of interest.Let us take for instance distance education learning aerogramme, students are able to interact with both their colleagues and instructors or tutors with ease and manage to get the quality education which otherwise would require huge sums Of money and resources to acquire and achieve. The immense and readily available literature on the World Wide Web (internet) makes it easier for both instructor or tutors and the students themselves to contrast and compare with others that are better placed in acquiring skills on how to write quality and standard academic papers.Notably, in general the malleable nature of electronic text has made the hysterical process of composing more elastic in that writers are quicker to commit thought to writing and to reorganize content because it is easier to make changes on the electronic screen (Abdullah, Meridian Haiti 2003) unli ke the old methodical and rigid way of composing academic papers in the academia. However it is important to look out and watch the tendency towards playfulness in e -? communications.That is we have to look out for the informality of email communication with regard to the traditional norms governing the form of official letters that writers have to deal with (Abdullah, Meridian Haiti 2003). On the other hand, the online domain has also substantially increased opportunities for collaboration in writing. The ease with which information or literature can be gathered makes Information and Communication Technology (CIT) a good catalyst and more so a tool by which students at university level are able to produce standardized and quality academic papers.